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Cat Lady on a Hot Tin Doll's House
Chapter Six
PROFESSOR EMILY FUCHS THIRD LECTURE - February 10, 2066 --
"Reflections in a Golden Eye" by Carson McCullers
Professor Fuchs started by giving considerable background on Carson McCullers, author of "The Heart is a Lonely Hunter," the "Sad Café," and the book the class was reading, Reflections in a Golden Eye. "She was born in Augusta, Georgia in 1917 and lived only to age 50. McCullers was in poor health most of her life and apparently lived a rather sad life. She had many of what were considered the worst vices in her time.
"McCullers married young, divorced, then remarried the same man. They made a suicide pact. He committed suicide anyway after Carson McCullers did not follow through. She was apparently a lesbian or at least had lesbian desires as to a number of women. Her desires may or may not have been reciprocated by any of the women.
"McCullers reportedly was drunk much of the time. According to biographer Virginia Spencer, McCullers sat hunched over her typewriter wearing a sweater and leather jacket, drinking scalding sherry tea and an occasional double shot of whiskey, Also, according to Spencer, McCullers would often write with Tennessee Williams, another southern author who is a subject of this class, and would write with him at one end of the table and her on the other with a giant bottle of whiskey between them.
"I will just mention that McCullers was far from the only female writer of her time who drank and that this was not just a southern phenomenon. The very witty Dorothy Parker of New York wrote, 'I like to have a martini, two at the very most. After three I'm under the table, after four I'm under my host.'
"Still, either despite or because of her sad life and vices, McCullers was an author of remarkable insight and sensitivity. In reviewing 'Heart is a Lonely Hunter,' the great African American writer, Richard Wright, wrote that McCullers was the only white writer capable of writing about black characters well.
"'Golden Eye' is not in my view McCullers' best book, but it has the virtue of being relatively short and presenting a view of southern women of McCullers' time. Indeed, McCullers in her book makes a point of saying that both Leonora and Alison, the two main female figures, are southern women.
"The focus of most reviewers of 'Golden Eye' has been the homosexual obsession of Captain Penderton with Private Williams, but the contrast between the two female characters, Mrs. Leonora Penderton and Mrs. Alison Langdon, is also interesting and our focus here.
"They are very different. It is clear that Leonora has committed adultery with at least one man, Major Langdon, and flirted with many. She strips nude in front of her husband, her lover and her lover's wife, Alison, for dramatic effect. Her horse riding surely symbolizes a variety of riding types.
"Poor Alison, on the other hand, is the good, loyal but pathetic woman who loses her child, engages in awful self-mutilation, and dies young. In looking at Leonora and Alison, one might say that McCullers' philosophy of sexual relationships is kill or be killed."
Professor Fuchs went on in her lecture to speculate on how Leonora and Alison may have related to McCullers' life and the implicit rejection of the possibility of women being happy while playing within the rules set forth for women in the south. It is the transgressor who is healthier and survives.
The seminar discussion held at the Talmadge Mansion led to general agreement that, forced to make a choice, all the women would prefer to be Leonora than Alison. "Alison is clearly crazy. My husband is in love with Emily now, but I am not going to snip my nipples off," Nora said.
Emily gave Nora a shocked and confused look and Nora shot back an angry glance before Emily decided to let it pass and change the subject. "We all agree on Alison but what does our group think of Leonora?"
Nora and Donna found Leonora's situation desirable in light of the choices. "if one has to be married, married with adultery does seem the way to go, if you can get away with it," Donna said.
"Yes, but you don't have to be married," Blake said.
Sophia Lewis presented a view of life that she thought applied to "Reflections in a Golden Eye." "Drama and literature are all basically about life and death because life and death are what it's all about. Both Alison and Leonora are failures as women although in very different ways. This may seem overly simple but women in the world and in culture are life. Sex is pleasure and sex leads to life through the creation of children. Alison is prevented by ill health and spousal neglect from creating life. Leonora, despite all her sex, did not create children either."
"I am not just a set of ovaries and a womb," Blake said.
"I did not say you were but in terms of drama and gut reactions, there is this equivalence." Sophia became still more controversial saying, "men equal violence equal death. Certainly, Captain Penderton in his abuse of Leonora's horse and murder of Private Williams is playing the role of the frustrated male homosexual or bi-sexual as the angry death-bringer that started in western literature no later than Homer's Iliad with Achilles."
"Well," Emma said, "the men do contribute a little to life, if only a little bit."
"By your measure, Sophia," Professor Fuchs said, "It would seem that the women on the boats and in the brothels providing sex and having babies non-stop are the big successes in creating life and fulfilling their role."
"That's not what I meant either exactly," Sophia said. "But yes, those women are the big successes if you look at the role of women in some of world literature and in the view of life that Carson McCullers was implicitly criticizing," Sophia answered.
"So, the bulk of world literature, Sophia, Darwin and probably Christine emphasize that we should be sex and reproductive units," Nora said.