Note to reader: Saffiya Daoud is 28-year old French-Moroccan psychologist and sexologist. A graduate of Sorbonne, she is third-generation descendent Moroccan immigrants. A slender, olive-skinned raven beauty, she is a head turner. A sexually liberal woman, who has a difficult relationship with her family, due to her left-wing views and choice in lifestyle. No regular partner, just causal encounters, she travels to Tunisia to study new found sexuality post-Arab spring.
"Ladies and gentlemen, we'll shortly be arriving in the Tunisian capital Tunis, once again we would like to thank you for travelling with Air France and we wish you a safe onward journey."
Awoken by the announcement, I try to regain composure. Returning to the Arab world, a place in transformation and upheaval, after the old dictatorial order came crumbling down. We are living in a historic moment, and I want to investigate, what impact these upheavals have on people attitudes towards sex and sexuality.
The idea of Arab sexuality has always been a hotly debated political topic and as a French person of Arab descent, I'm not immune from it. The personal is political and female sexuality is complex, threatening and contradictory. Growing up in a conservative Muslim household, and having restrictions placed on me, only for me to break these restriction upon heading to university has greatly impacted my world view and politics.
I also find it difficult to have serious relationships; I prefer no string attached sex, because it feels less restrictive. Before embarking on this journey, I attended a sex orgy, and sucked off five guys, penned by 7 guys and did anal with 3 guys. It's fair to say, that I get stuck into my research, if it feels good do it, right?
But I know, as a French researcher , I am entering into a minefield. We invented a field of study called Oriental studies and practitioners of this field are called Orientalists. In 1798, when Napoleon invaded Egypt, he took with him an army of scientists, artists and scholars to study and produce knowledge of the new world. However, this knowledge was designed to serve Europeans who wanted to subjugate the non-European world from Japan, India, Arab world to Africa. Quite often they would try to justify, the subjugation as necessary and even good, in France we developed a concept called the 'civilising mission'- in short our rule over non-European people was essential, because they were 'backwards' and 'primitive' and only we could 'civilise' and 'modernise' them.
This field of study proved crucial in developing the notion of 'them and us' or 'The West and the Rest' and things like 'The Clash of Civilisations' or 'The Roots of Muslim rage' are the latest manifestations of it. As a sexologist, I'm in a particularly difficult spot, as sex became the means of European subjugation. In the 19th century European Orientalists produced accounts of the Muslim world- as being a hot bed of uncontrolled sexuality and every form of sexual 'depravity', 'debauchery' and 'bestiality' went. In short, Muslims were too horny and always at it and this offended the 'civilised' mores of 19th century Europe. Thus they needed to be colonized and taught prudishness.
The sexual liberal image of the Arab world changed in the 20th century in the eyes of the Europeans. Arabs went from being sexual ravages to sexually puritanical and repressed- replacing one stereotype with another. It's true that the Arab world became more conservative, but this was due to the long-term effects of foreign colonization. Thus, many Arabs are suspicious of westerners coming into their country and studying their sexuality. I am hoping my Moroccan background gains me entry into people's private lives.
We land and I head to passport control, the border guard stares at my passport and at my face, I offer him a smile and am waved through. Jumping into a taxi and heading to my hotel, I have a few hours to prepare, before my first interview. A few hours to relax and then I get ready.
I head off to a café near Tunis's main university, where I am due to meet Joumana Hatim, who teaches French literature and European philosophy at the university. Since, the revolution she has courted controversies, and has been an outspoken critic of what she calls 'Islamization' of her society. She runs a blog in French called 'my pussy, my rights', and has challenged both conservative and neo-conservative traditions. She also released an audio tape of herself having sex with an unidentified male.
I see a fair-skinned, dark-haired and dark-eyes woman, wearing denim shorts, cowboy boots and a little top with sunglasses, who appears to be in her late twenties. I immediately recognize her and wave her over.
Joumana: "Bonjour, how are you?"
"I am fine and you?" I say, as we kiss each other on the cheeks. The beautiful, if not sultry, young lecturer takes a seat and we order some coffee. I start the interview and I am curious to know why she does what she does? "So, you describe yourself as a sexually liberated modern woman, could you tell me what you mean by that?"
Joumana: "Female sexuality is a deeply politicised and revolutionary space, through the prisms of our bodies, we can shatter patriarchy, traditional power, dominance and slavery. It's seen as necessary to control female sexuality in order to preserve male privilege. By liberating our sexuality, and not being cowed by labels such as, good girl versus bad girl, or slut versus virgin, we can destroy the psychological colonization of our minds."
I look at her with an intense look, "So sex is political too you?"
Joumana: "Sex is political for all of us. But also, women have sexual needs and rights too, and we need to remove our fears about our own sexuality. I set-up an NGO called Jasad (Body), and our aim is to get a sexual conversation going for women. We educate and listen to women's needs and aim to empower them."
"Recently, you have taken aim at Islamists and so-called Islamization of society. What do you mean by this?"
Joumana: "Islamism is a political project, which aims to use the language and cloak of religion to pursue neo-conservative and intolerant political agenda. Religion in Tunisia and the Islamic world in general has always been a de-centralised, pluralistic and contradictory phenomenon. There's no Islamic Vatican and no one interpretation exists- which means by default our societies have always been secular. Traditional religion exists alongside other cultural traditions and mixes with them." She pauses and takes a sip of her coffee, which energies her beautiful face.
Joumana: "But Islamism is a new political phenomenon. It has a distain for traditional religious practises and seeks to eradicate them. Islamism seeks to homogenise religion and to use it as a force to change society based on their singular vision. Islamists are extreme modernists and many are neo-liberal capitalists- they emerged in the 1970's as a result of the failure of both left-wing politics and third-world nationalism politics. Many leading figures in the Arab world in the 60's and 70's were openly agnostic and atheists- but today- no one would dream of being public about it. That's because Islamists have been taking up charity and civil society work and worked on society. They have changed social and political mores and since the Arab Spring, they have more power and influence than before."
While we are talking, an attractive waitress walks over to us with refills. Upon hearing our discussion she adds, "Please, the Islamists are just a group of sexually frustrated men. All they need to do is to get laid." She then walks off and Joumana and I look at one another before resuming. Joumana laughs.
Joumana: "You see everyone has an opinion. But I'll tell you, I fought against dictatorship in this country and I took to the streets to get rid of Ben-Ali. But I will not have my rights curtailed by Islamists just because they also opposed his regime. The women's body is dangerous too them and hence my sexual activism. Sex is a weapon and I intend to make full use of it. Which is why I released those audio tapes and run NGO's to do with female sexuality. The Arab Spring will not become and Islamist winter."